HIV infection in low risk population high

Saturday, June 27, 2009 (The Mirror Pg 34)

By Rebecca Kwei
A study on the distribution of new HIV infections in Ghana show that over a one-year period the highest proportion of infection occurred among the general, low risk population.
The general, low risk population accounted for 30.2 per cent of infection, while individuals involved in casual heterosexual sex with non-regular partners was 15.5 per cent.
The Programme Manager of the Non-communicable Diseases Unit of the Ghana Health Service, Dr William Bosu, presented the findings at a dissemination forum in Accra which was organised by the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC) and UNAIDS.
Giving a background to the study, Dr Bosu said the UNAIDS Modes of Transmission model was applied to an epidemiology and response synthesis project in Ghana to estimate the distribution of new infections and also to identify those populations at highest risk of HIV infection.
He said when the inputs from the epidemiological synthesis report was used, the model generated 13,437 new HIV infections in Ghana in 2008.
According to the findings, clients of sex workers accounted for 6.5 per cent and sex workers 2.24 per cent, while female partners of clients accounted for one-fifth (22 per cent) of all new infections.
Dr Bosu said sex work thus accounted for 31 per cent of all new infections over a one-year period, adding that “over a longer time period, this figure would be considerably higher, since some of the HIV infections in men in the low-risk and casual heterosexual sex groups are likely to have been contracted from female sex workers (FSWs) by men who were previously clients of FSWs.
The study further revealed that 23 per cent of new infections occurred in high risk groups, namely, injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and FSW and their regular partners.
Dr Bosu noted that contrary to general perception that MSMs are an insignificant group, they contributed 7.2 per cent of all new infections.
However, he said the population sizes used for high-risk groups such as FSWs, IDUs and MSM were basically speculative and the results should be interpreted with caution.
Additionally, reliable national estimates of the percentage of men who buy sex in Ghana were also not available.
Medical injections and blood transfusions together accounted for about 0.4 per cent of all new infections.
On recommendations, Dr Bosu said there were several data gaps, including size of most-at-risk populations (MARPs) and there was an urgent need to address that.
Furthermore, the study recommended that there was the need for more socio-political openness about MSM activities in order to easily identify them and provide MSM-friendly preventive and clinical services.
In his presentation on a ‘Preliminary 2008 DHS Report — Ghana-HIV Component’, a Technical Director of the GAC, Dr Richard Amenyah, said although awareness of AIDS was universal, in-depth knowledge on how to prevent it needed to improve.
Furthermore, he said risky behaviour in terms of multiple partnerships and engaging in higher risk sex was on the increase and there appeared to be a disconnect between knowledge and practice.
Dr Amenyah said “the 69 per cent reduction for funding for prevention intervention of HIV and AIDS between 2005 and 2007 has to be reversed if we want to see positive behavioural change and aversion of new HIV infections”.
The acting Director-General of the GAC, Mr Maxwell Addo, said in view of the enormous challenges HIV and AIDS posed to the nation, there was the need for collaborative actions to promote national response in the fight against the pandemic.
A reproductive health consultant, Prof Fred T. Sai, who chaired the programme, said it was important for scientists and clinicians to help politicians to follow the right policies.